find some information and get ready to speak eneducation
in ancient russia

many still believe that in the pre-petrine era in russia did not teach anything. moreover, education itself was then allegedly persecuted by the church, requiring only that students somehow recited prayers by heart and gradually dismantled printed liturgical books. yes, and taught, they say, only the children of the priests, preparing them to take orders. those same from nobility, who believed in truth "teachings - ", entrusted the education of their offspring discharged from abroad foreigners. the rest were " in the darkness of ignorance."

all this refutes mordovtsev. in his research, he relied on a curious historical source that fell into his hands - "abc". in the preface to the monograph devoted to this manuscript, the author wrote the following: "at present i have the opportunity to use the most precious monuments of the 17th century, which have not been printed anywhere, are not mentioned and which can serve to explain the interesting aspects of ancient russian pedagogy. these materials consist in a lengthy manuscript called " abc "and contains several different textbooks of the time, composed by some "pioneer", partly copied from other, the same publications, which were entitled by the same name, although different content and had a different number of sheets.

after examining the manuscript, mordovtsev makes the first and most important conclusion: in ancient russia, schools as such existed. however, confirms this, and more ancient document - the book "stoglav" (collection of resolutions of the stoglavy cathedral, held with the participation of ivan iv and representatives of the boyar duma in the years 1550-1551). it contains sections on education. in them, in particular, it is defined that schools are allowed to contain persons of a spiritual rank if the applicant receives on that permission from the church administration. before giving him one, it was necessary to test the thoroughness of his own knowledge of the applicant, and from reliable guarantors to collect possible information about his behavior.

but how were the schools organized, how were they managed, who studied in them? "stoglav" did not give answers to these questions. and now in the hands of the historian gets a few handwritten "abc books" - books very curious. despite its name, it is, in fact, not textbooks (they have no alphabet, no scripts, no teaching account), but rather a guide for the teacher and detailed instructions to students. it spelled out the full daily routine of the student, by the way, concerning not only the school, but also the behavior of children outside it.

my family consists of three persons. my father, my mother and i. i am nighteen years old. i work in hospital at a staff department.(дословно я работаю в отделе кадров) my mum thirty seven years old. she works in her own shop.(она работает в своем собственном магазине) my father forty years. he works in the oil company. we always spend our free time together.(мы всегда проводим свободное время вместе) our family very frendly, we always help each other.

the first us president known to all americans as "the father of the nation" was george washington.he was born in virginia into a planter's family.when he was 11 his father died.the family had a lot of land but not enough money to send george to school in england as rich families used to do at that time.george learned to ride a horse,to hunt,shoot,sail and swim.george washington began his career in the service of his county as a major in virginia militia and later became commander in chief of colonial army during revolutionary war.he was among those who wrote the us constitution in philadelphia.people respected him for his wisdom and honesty.after the war george wanted to retire and live at mount vernon where he had a beautiful house and a big platation.on april 30, 1789,before a large crowd washington promised to preserve,protect and defend the constitution of usa.this is how gw became the first president of the contry and served 2 terms.he refused a 3rd term and in 1797 he retired to mount vernon where he died 2 years later