1.Fill in each blank with a word chosen from the list below to complete the meaning of the sentence:

chip, speed, figure out, calculating, reduces, microminiturization,
analog, logarithm, abacus, machine, vacuum tubes,
tiny, dependable, devised

1. The very first . device used was 10 fingers of a man’s hand.
2. Then, the . was invented.
3. J. Napier . a mechanical way of multiplying and dividing.
4. Henry Briggs used J. Napier’s ideas to produce . .
5. The first real calculating . appeared in 1820.
6. This type of machine . the possibility of making mistakes.
7. In 1930 the first . computer was built.
8. This was the first machine that could . . mathematical problems at a very fast speed.
9. In 1946 was built the first digital computer using parts called . .
10. The reason for this extra . was the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
11. The second generation computers were smaller, faster and more . than first-generation computers.
12. The third-generation computers are controlled by . integrated circuits.
13. This is due to ., which means that the circuits are much smaller than before.
14. A . is a square or rectangular piece of silicon, usually from 1/10 to 1/4 inch.
2. Finish the following sentences: закончите предложения.
1. The first generation of computers came out in . .
2. The second generation of computers could perform work ten times faster than their . .
3. The third-generation computers appeared on the market in . .
4. The fourth-generation computers have been greatly . .
5. The fourth-generation computers are 50 times faster and can . .