Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим словам и выражениям и запишите их:

самый существенный элемент дома; силовые конструкции; фундаментальные стены; несущая стена; бетон или дерево; подверженные обработке давлением; имеющий предрасположенность к размыванию; единственное решение; вся длина стены; ступенчатое основание; большая бетонная подушка; быть усиленным сталью; растягивающее напряжение; бетонная плита; распределять нагрузку здания.

there are some dates which are holidays in this country. the first holiday of the year begins with the new year day on the first of january. on the eve of the new year day, that is at night of the thirty first of december, we are usually at home with our family or with our friends near a new year tree is decorated with our bright and toys. at 12 o'clock we wish each other "happy new year! " we give presents to our friends and to all the family. children like this holiday very much, because their winter vacation begins with the new year day and last two weeks. they have a lot of fun then. they dance and sing round a new year tree with father frost and snow maiden. during the winter vacation children do not study, they can play hockey, skate, ski and others. the next holiday which is celebrated in russia is christmas. it takes places on the 7th of january. this religious holiday began to be marked only some years ago. we do not study on this day now. on the eight of march we celebrated one more holiday. it is international women's day. on this day we present our dear women, with flowers. this day is also a day off. victory day, the anniversary of the victory over fascist germany, comes on the ninth of may. millions of our people gave their lives for our country's freedom and independence. all the coun-tries which fought in the second world war against fascism celebrate this great holiday, victory day. my most favorite holiday is the new year day and christmas.

instead of havingto deal withthan themore productiveyou candevote himself torest.read the book,an intriguingtitle of whichhas long beeninterested inyou.goto the premiere ofnew movieorwatchinteresting programson tv.spend some timebehinda computer gameor invitefriendsfor a game ofmonopoly,scrabbleor any otherboard game.outsidethe weatheris good,then it's timeto gofor a walk.you can alsogoto visit friends.if you lovetaking pictures, itdoes notlooka few tips onhow to properlyphotographedand go! listento music orplayyourselfon what-or amusical instrument,of course, ifyou have thetalent andthe skills.becauseotherwise,your leisure timecan turn into ashowdownwith its neighbors.you did not knowwhat to dowhenbored? our answer is: do anything, as long asyoubroughtitfun!

1)there are many apples on the table.

2)are there many pupils in the class?

3)many boys like football.

4)have you been to many countries?

5)we have known each other many years.

1)they don't spend much time on homework.

2)i haven't much money.

3)sorry, i haven't got much time.

4)howmuch sugar do you take in your coffee?

5)do you have much work to do?

one day  in 1777 i was relaxing in front  of the fire with my laundry drying nearby.   after a while i noticed that one of my shirts had started to float upwards. i was  curious about what  was happening so  i  threw some  small  pieces of paper  into  the    fireplace  to see  it  the same thing happened to them.  when i saw them coming out of the chimney i came to the conclusion that smoke had the    power to lift things up and carry  them through the air. i loved science and wanted to become an inventor so i started trying to think of a craft that would be able to capture smoke and  lift people  off  the ground. along with my brother jacques i began performing experiments on something that later became the first hot-air balloon.

  my brother and i quickly realised that it was heat and not smoke that had the power to lift things. on 19th september 1783 we presented our first hot-air balloon which was made from paper and clot. we burned some staw underneath it and the heat helped the balloon to float. as this was its first  trip we were  too nervous to go up in the balloon  ourselves. so instead  we put a sheep a duck and a chicken in  the basket that hung below the  balloon for the two-mile journey.

the new  invention was a great success and the animals landed safe and sound. a  huge crowd including some  members of the french royal family  gathered  to watch the  balloon floating high in the sky. shortly afterwards we asked the king for  permission  to send men up the balloon. the king agreed and the  first flight consisting of human passengers took place in paris on the  21st november   1783      with great success . the balloon  reached heights of around  150 metres as  it floated over the paris’ rooftops starting a long a long tradition of hot-air  ballooning.

                                                                                                                                                                                                          josefh montgolfier