Global Warming
Scientists say the temperature of the earth could rise by 3C over the next 50 years. This may cause drought in some parts of the world, and floods in others, as ice at the North and South poles begins to melt and sea levels rise.
Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect. Normally, heat from the sun warms the earth and then comes back into space.
But carbon dioxide (углекислый газ) and other gases in the atmosphere catch the sun’s heat, and this is slowly making the earth warmer.

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The Ozone Layer
The Ozone layer is a layer of gas high above the surface of the earth that helps to protect it from the sun’s ultraviolet radiation, which can damage our skins and cause cancer.
Scientists have recently discovered holes in the Ozone Layer, caused by substances called CFCs (clorofluorocarbons (хлорфторуглероды)) CFCs are used in refrigerators, aerosol cans and in the manufacture of some plastic products. Some companies now make products that do not contain CFCs, and these are often marked “Ozone Friendly”

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Deforestation
Rainforests help to control global warming because the absorb carbon dioxide. In recent years, large area have been destroyed, as the trees are cut down for wood or burned to clear the land for farming. The burning releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Many rainforests grow on poor soils, and when they are cut down or burned, the soil is washed away in the tropical rains, so that the area may turn to desert. Many plant and animal species that live there could die.

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Pollution
Factories, power stations and motor vehicles release lots of carbon dioxide and other gases into the air. This is a major cause of the greenhouse effect. A lot of petrol contains lead (свинец), which is very poisonous and can cause brain damage in children. One of the solutions is to use hybrid cars.
Hybrid cars use batteries but not petrol.
Some poisonous gases come into the atmosphere and then fall to the earth as acid rain. Acid rain also damages trees and buildings, and can kill fish in lakes and rivers. Rivers can also be polluted by industrial waste from factories and chemicals used by farmers.

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Alternative Energy
Most of the energy we use today comes from coal, oil and gas. But these will not last forever, and burning them is slowly damaging the atmosphere. We need to find other forms of energy. Solar Power (sun’s energy) can be used to make electricity. We can also use wind-power by building modern windmills (ветряная мельница; ветроэнергетическая установка ответить на предложения по тексту