i. перепишите и письменно переведите на язык следующие предложения.
помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют
придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).
1. we know neutrino to have a rest mass (масса покоя) of about 30 electron-volts.
2. conduction is known to be a process by which heat is transmitted through a
substance by molecular activity.
3. all the changes of temperature and changes of state to be discussed are shown by a
graph in figure (рисунок) 2.
ii. перепишите и письменно переведите на язык следующие
предложения. обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого
(самостоятельного) причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. working with machines, sharp tools, motors one must be careful.
2. the stream of electrons moving along the conductor is called electric current.
3. powerful nuclear ice-breakers being built in our country, we began a new chapter in
the history of arctic exploration.
iii. перепишите и письменно переведите на язык следующие
предложения. обратите внимание на то, как переводятся условные предложения
(см. образец выполнения 3).
1. if you had translated the article, you could have used valuable data in your work.
2. if the quality of the equipment were higher, the results of the experiment would be
more accurate.
3. it would be impossible to explain chemical phenomena without using the laws of
physics.
iv. прочитайте и устно переведите с1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. перепишите и
письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.
пояснения к тексту
1. to account for - объяснять
2. to put an end – положить конец
3. as early as – ещё.
the moon
1. the moon is the only astronomical body whose distance from the earth can be
measured in thousands of kilometers. long before the dawn of written history the moon
was paid much attention to by man who was interested and attracted by the presence in
the sky of a planet that was so clearly seen from the earth.
2. in the middle ages the moon was supposed to have a smooth crystalline surface like
a mirror and that the dark spots on the moon were accounted for1
by the fact that the
earth was reflected on its surface. however, with the help of the first little telescope that
was turned by galileo upon the moon this conception was put an end2
to as early as3
1609. galileo thought that he saw mountains and valleys, seas and continents on the
moon.
3. the view of the moon has been obtained with the help of a series of automatic lunar
stations named “luna”.
4. having been transmitted by these stations, the photos and panoramas have shown
that the surface of the moon is uneven and rugged, with many hills and cavities like
volcanic craters, a few of them measuring some kilometers in diameter. a great number
of stones lying on the moon’s surface proved the lunar ground to be firm enough and it
would not sink if it were stepped on, walked across or put some heavy weight upon.
man’s knowledge of the moon is rapidly progressing, new data being constantly
reported.
5. the mutual attraction of the moon and the earth for one another is accounted for by
the force of gravitation. american astronauts landed on the moon and brought
specimens of moon rock and a series of photographs for further study.
v. прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
what is the mutual attraction of the moon and the earth accounted for?