Mountaineering in the ussr, as well as the entire system of physical culture and sports, in a developed socialist society became a true treasure of workers, effective means of all-round development of the individual. this sport contribute to the education of collectivism and perseverance to overcome difficulties, will to win. soviet mountaineering - is a massive school of courage aimed at mastering the heights of sportsmanship in mountaineering. he also has great practical value for the successful solution of important economic problems in mountainous areas for the study of little-known and little-known areas. unlike other sports climber training requires much broader and multilateral training. indeed, to achieve this goal climber must possess not only the appropriate physical training and the necessary practical skills, but also specialized knowledge from various fields of science. study guide is built on the basis of a program approved by the committee for physical culture and sports of the ussr council of ministers. it presents all the traditional textbooks on mountaineering equipment sections of movement in the mountains, tactics, methods of teaching, organizing bivouacs, equipment, and others. in addition, much attention is paid to some other issues of relevance to modern mountaineering. so, one of the features of mountaineering in our time are the mass ascension at challenging routes high grade of difficulty to the top 6 and 7 thousand meters. if in 1937, for example, measure the highest level of technical maturity of the soviet climbers were climbing ushba 57 (4996 m) on routes 5 th "a" category, the level of achievement in 1979 began climbing more than 2,000 people on routes 5 -6 th grade of difficulty. at high altitudes, the human body is exposed to a difficult test, requiring the utmost to mobilize all its forces and capabilities. therefore, one of the most important places in the book is devoted to biomedical issues mountaineering. due to intense development in the highland areas of national economic activity volume of work carried out there can no longer be provided, as before, the participation of several climbers. by geologists, glaciologists, surveyors and other professionals hydrobuilders now requires skilled practical training in the amount of climbing climber-arrester, and even the master of sports. development of mountaineering today differs qualitatively new elements that should be compiled and reflected in the program of training climbers. these include, in particular, a clear plan at different stages of learning and improving sports skills, as well as posing questions of educational, sports and educational work in the centers of mass of modern mountaineering - climbing camps. a new branch of the soviet mountaineering - sport climbing. it is intended mainly for the first stage of training, provide technical training for young climbers climbing and insurance in order to enhance the fail safe mountaineering further improvement of this skill leads climber to achieve the highest class in the unique sport - sport climbing. by analogy with sport climbing in our country is developing sports ice climbing. this manual is intended for trainers, instructors-methodologists in mountaineering and mountain tourism, students of schools and training courses for instructor training, universities with groups of specialization or training specialists to work in the mountains. illustrations to chapters 3, 7, 9, 10, 11 are formed on the sketches i. a
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