Нужен перевод на язык in a free-market environment, accounting provides a means for transmitting in- formation about the performance of enterprises to those with an interest in it. the basic functions of accounting in a market economy are to measure economic activity of an enterprise and its profit, to show changes in its financial position and ensure that a fair report of the economic status and performance is made available to all those concerned. these functions are performed at two different levels. the accountants in the us communicate financial information to many people. what users need financial information? one branch of accounting, called managerial accounting, provides information that managers use in making decisions within the firm. other accountants prepare financial reports for outside users. this branch of accounting is known qs financial accounting. american accounting standards and objectives of financial statements fully meet the users' needs for useful information. the following basic principles ensure the pro- vision of such information in the manner the market requires. first of all, accounts must be prepared on a going-concern basis. it means accounting is based on the as- sumption that the business will continue to operate. besides, accounts must reflect the economic substance of the situation rather than simply its legal form. other characte- ristics that make information useful for the users are relevance, timeliness, prudence, reliability, materiality, consistency and comparability. though these concepts are recognized internationally, users of information often fail to get a true and fair view of business operations. in the present conditions, there is need to work harder to harmonize national accounting systems so as to make it easier for users to assess financial information, particularly taking into account growth of transnational corporations and increasing interdependence of financial markets.
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