определить герундий : 1. After having discovered the phenomenon scientists began looking for the ways of its practical application.
2. After giving a farewell speech, the chairman declared the scientific conference closed.

1 Having

2 Giving

Объяснение:

Герундий легко отличить по "ing-овому" окончанию и обозначению действия.

1.her eyes were red.it was evident she cried.

2.patricia can't join us.she has broken her leg.

3.sorry for the mess.i have painted(have been painting) the house since morning.

4.which subject will you work at tonight?

5.she promised she would see me off the other day.

6.all the necessary arrangements should (will) be made as soon as possible.

7.ice hockey started in canada.

8.she has just taken her results and is getting ready to go on a holiday.

9.she was bathing the baby when we called her.

10.it is important that he would take (takes) care of his old father.

по моему  ответ b) scotland