1. Fill in the gaps with the past
perfect in the affirmative form.

a) Paul_(spend) his ho liday in Holland.

b) They_already_(do) their work.

c) She_(ask) that question before.

d) [_never_(see) such a thing.

e) We_(be) there before.

f) The boys_(deatroy) the garden.

g) The children_(break) the vase.

h) He_already_(arrive) from Venice.

i) They_never_(be) to Taiwan

j)[_never_(arrive) late at school.​

1 years ago, shells were used as money by a lot of north american indians.

2 since 1999, the euro was introduced in twelve european countries.

3 every year, a lot of old coins were bought and selled on the internet.

4 next year, euro notes with a picture of the queen on them been made in britain.

5 if you belong to a local 'time bank', you must remember that every transaction you make was recorded

выражение мнения:

i agree / disagree…

in my opinion,…/ from my point of

i believe that…/ it seems to me that…

i am in favour of…/ i am against the idea of…

according to…

some people say that…

it is said / believed that…

there is no doubt that…

it goes without saying that…

we must admit that…

представление аргументов:

the main argument in favour / against is

first of all, i should like to consider…

to begin with…/ to start with…

despite the fact that…/ in spite of the fact that…

on the one hand…/ on the other hand…

besides,…/ in addition…

what is more,…/ moreover,…/ more than that…

finally…

nevertheless..

выражение причинно-следственной связи:

for this reason

therefore / that is why

because of

as a result

owing to / due to

примеры:

for example

for instance

such as

like

заключение:

to sum up…

to conclude…

in conclusion, i would like to stress that…

all in all, i believe that…

words and phrases to organize points chronologically (to introduce a series of reasons, ideas, remarks, etc):

first(ly)/first of all; second(ly); third(ly); lastly/last of all/finally - наконец; в заключение;

first and foremost - в первую очередь;

in the first/second/third place; to start/begin with; for one thing - прежде всего; начать с того, что; для начала;

for another thing - кроме того; во вторых

note: firstly, is more formal than first, second.

words and phrases to indicate the addition of a new point or introduce a related topic:

in addition;

what is more/more than that/furthermore(formal)/moreover (more formal) - более того; кроме того;

another thing is

above all/on top of that - в довершение всего;

as well as - так же (как); не ; в дополнение; помимо;

alongside - наряду с;

besides/apart from - кроме, помимо;

besides - к тому же (particularly when adding a negative idea);

similarly/equally/likewise - подобным образом;

a word must be said ;

it is important to note

all my new year holidays i celebrated with my family.  after new year celebrating, me and my brother visited all my relatives and congratulated them.  they was very happy about it, and especially my grandmother.  then, i was playing computer games, watching tv and having fun with my friends.  i like winter holidays very much, because i have much time to visit all of my friends.  next time, i hope, that i will be celebrating new year and christmas somewhere in other country.  finland may will be great. 

mum often is upset when sees that her daughter has made of nothing: hasn't cleaned apartment, hasn't learned lessons, hasn't made a dinner.

мама часто расстраивается когда видит то её дочь ничего не сделала: не убрала квартиру, не выучила уроки, не приготовила обед.